My "Memetics" book - chapter titles

The chapter titles and extended section map of a pre-release version of my Memetics book:

Table of contents

1.	Introduction - A brief guide to this book.	5
2.	Basics - Cultural evolution in a nutshell.	9
3.	Evidence - Support for cultural evolution.	18
4.	Defining evolution - What “evolution” means.	25
5.	Similarities - Between organic and cultural.	30
6.	Differences - Between cultural and organic.	36
7.	Memes - Terminology for cultural evolution.	41
8.	Coevolution - Culture-organic interactions.	51
9.	Symbiosis - Symbiotic relationships.	57
10.	Parasitism - Memetic epidemiology.	63
11.	Mutualism - Mutually-beneficial relationships.	82
12.	Significance - The importance of memetics .	95
13.	Defining memes - What "meme" means.	100
14.	Replicators - Replicator terminology problems.	111
15.	Scientific perspective - Views from academia.	117
16.	Criticism - Skeptics and naysayers.	138
17.	Controversies - Outstanding issues.	182
18.	Textbooks - What the evolution textbooks say.	197
19.	Marketing - Exchange memes for cash.	203
20.	Applications - What memetics is for.	213
21.	Origins - The origin of culture.	216
22.	Major transitions - Seismic memetic shifts.	222
23.	Immunity - Resistance to infection.	224
24.	The internet - Recent developments.	228
25.	Classification - Category distinctions.	234
26.	Mental selection - The Darwinian mind.	241
27.	Memetic algorithms - Optimising with memes.	246
28.	History - Of the study of cultural evolution.	246
29.	Universal Darwinism - Basic principles.	257
30.	Evolution revolution - The changes needed.	265
31.	Memetic takeover - Memes triumphant.	268
32.	Glossary.	280
33.	References.	288
34.	Alphabetical index.	345

Section names

1.	Introduction - A brief guide to this book	5
1.1.	Apes with infected brains	5
1.2.	Brain-zit analogy	5
1.3.	Parasites and mutualists	7
1.4.	Computer viruses	8
1.5.	The new organisms	8
2.	Basics - Cultural evolution in a nutshell	9
2.1.	The basic idea	9
2.2.	The case for cultural evolution	10
2.3.	Dual inheritance theory	11
2.4.	Shared underlying principles	11
2.5.	Cosmetic differences	12
2.6.	Family trees	12
2.7.	Symbiosis	13
2.8.	Epidemiology	14
2.9.	Resource limitation	14
2.10.	Adaptive culture	15
2.11.	Internet culture	15
2.12.	Going digital	16
2.13.	Rise of the idea	16
2.14.	Significance	17
2.15.	Neglect	17
2.16.	Modern ascendance	18
2.17.	The role of this book	18
3.	Evidence - Support for cultural evolution	18
3.1.	Evidence of inheritance	19
3.2.	Evidence of variation	19
3.3.	Evidence of differential reproductive success	20
3.4.	Evidence from geographic distribution	21
3.5.	Evidence of adaptations	21
3.6.	Evidence from the historical record	22
3.7.	Evidence from controlled experiments	22
3.8.	Evidence from natural experiments	22
3.9.	Evidence from progress	23
3.10.	Evidence from imperfections	23
3.11.	Evidence from domestication	24
3.12.	Evidence of recombination	24
3.13.	Culture evolves	25
3.14.	Further reading	25
4.	Defining evolution - What “evolution” means	25
4.1.	Common usage	25
4.2.	Cultural change is evolution	25
4.3.	Particular definitions	26
4.4.	Objections	26
4.5.	Naysayers	28
4.6.	Standard definitions	30
5.	Similarities - Between organic and cultural	30
5.1.	Basic similarities	30
5.2.	Other similarities	31
5.3.	Significance of the similarities	33
5.4.	Similarities illustrated	34
6.	Differences - Between cultural and organic	36
6.1.	The differences	36
6.2.	Different dynamics	40
6.3.	Significance of the differences	41
7.	Memes - Terminology for cultural evolution	41
7.1.	Memes	42
7.2.	Endorsements	43
7.3.	Dictionaries	44
7.4.	Etymology	44
7.5.	Terminology family	45
7.6.	Richard Dawkins	45
7.7.	Dawkins retreats	46
7.8.	The term "meme" wins anyway	47
7.9.	Duplication	47
7.10.	Memetics as a hypothesis	48
7.11.	Meme critics	49
7.12.	Glossary	50
7.13.	The mutating "meme" meme	50
7.14.	Popularity explosion	51
8.	Coevolution - Culture-organic interactions	51
8.1.	Agricultural revolution	52
8.2.	Other cases	53
8.3.	Rapid memetic evolution	54
8.4.	Rapid human evolution	54
8.5.	Genetic assimilation	55
8.6.	The assimilate-stretch principle	55
8.7.	Oscillations	55
8.8.	Shielding	56
9.	Symbiosis - Symbiotic relationships	57
9.1.	Organic symbiosis	58
9.2.	Memetic symbiosis	58
9.3.	Classification by physical relationship type	58
9.4.	Classification by benefits to host	58
9.5.	Classification by type of dependency	59
9.6.	Symbiosis modelled	60
9.7.	Pure memetic symbiosis	60
9.8.	Slavery	60
9.9.	Predation	61
9.10.	A note about teleology	62
10.	Parasitism - Memetic epidemiology	63
10.1.	Memetic infections	63
10.2.	Infectious disease epidemiology	63
10.3.	Host harm	64
10.4.	Transmission	65
10.5.	Vectors	66
10.6.	Epidemics	67
10.7.	Epidemic threshold	67
10.8.	Pandemics	68
10.9.	Population saturation	68
10.10.	Terminology note	69
10.11.	Behavioural modification	69
10.12.	The Red Queen	70
10.13.	Sexual recombination	72
10.14.	The Red Queen of culture	72
10.15.	Evolution towards mutualism	73
10.16.	Optimal virulence	73
10.17.	Resource competition with the host	74
10.18.	Effects on fertility	74
10.19.	Effects on lifespan	77
10.20.	Immunity	79
10.21.	Meme shedding	79
10.22.	Virus talk	79
10.23.	Frequency-dependent selection	80
10.24.	Memes parasitising other memes	80
10.25.	Organic genes can parasitise memes	82
11.	Mutualism - Mutually-beneficial relationships	82
11.1.	Mutually beneficial symbiosis	82
11.2.	Organic-organic mutualism	83
11.3.	Organic-memetic mutualism	83
11.4.	Supporting adaptations	84
11.5.	Symbiont homes	84
11.6.	The big brain as a meme nest	86
11.7.	Memes and the evolution of human ultrasociality	89
11.8.	Mutualism and ultrasociality	89
11.9.	Humans without memes	92
11.10.	Cultural-cultural mutualism	92
11.11.	Memetic linkage	93
11.12.	Memetic hitchhiking	94
12.	Significance - The importance of memetics	95
12.1.	Like finding simple alien life	96
12.2.	An understanding of cultural evolution is long overdue	96
12.3.	Cultural evolution as a unifying principle	97
12.4.	Dawkins' Dangerous Idea	97
12.5.	Understanding the past	98
12.6.	Understanding the present	98
12.7.	Understanding the future	99
13.	Defining memes - What "meme" means	100
13.1.	The role of imitation	100
13.2.	Internalist vs Externalist	103
13.3.	Internalist	104
13.4.	Externalist	105
13.5.	Externalism rules	105
13.6.	Information theory - The foundations of genetics	106
13.7.	Problems	107
13.8.	Attractions	107
13.9.	Definition of "gene"	108
13.10.	Rival definitions of "gene"	108
13.11.	Other definitions of "meme"	109
13.12.	Definition of meme	110
14.	Replicators - Replicator terminology problems	111
14.1.	Replicator problems	112
14.2.	The "high fidelity" objection	112
14.3.	The "etymology" objection	113
14.4.	The "too late" objection	114
14.5.	Other critics	115
14.6.	Reproducers	116
14.7.	It's not too late	116
15.	Scientific perspective - Views from academia	117
15.1.	A slow start	118
15.2.	Current retardation	118
15.3.	Memetics and cultural evolution	119
15.4.	Cultural evolution	119
15.5.	No cultural creatures	125
15.6.	No meme's eye view	127
15.7.	Scientific endorsement	128
15.8.	Modern memetics	128
15.9.	Social science	130
15.10.	Neglect	135
15.11.	Renassance	136
15.12.	Unnecessary controversy	136
15.13.	A difficult update	136
16.	Criticism - Skeptics and naysayers	138
16.1.	Memes do not exist	138
16.2.	Memetics is a pseudoscience	140
16.3.	Memetics has never taken off	141
16.4.	Culture cannot be neatly partitioned into discrete units	141
16.5.	Evolution doesn't require replicators	143
16.6.	Memes are not like genes	145
16.7.	Memes are not like viruses	146
16.8.	Genes are concrete, memes are intangible	148
16.9.	Cultural evolution features directed mutation	148
16.10.	Error catastrophe	149
16.11.	Mutations are more common	150
16.12.	Copying and selection may not explain culture	152
16.13.	Memes are not copied but recreated	153
16.14.	Memes are sometimes analog	155
16.15.	Culture is more complicated than that	156
16.16.	Memetics does not explain meme fitnesses	157
16.17.	Culture is designed - not evolved	158
16.18.	Memetics makes no predictions and is unfalsifiable	159
16.19.	Alleged danger	159
16.20.	There is no memetic code	160
16.21.	Memetics is nothing new	160
16.22.	Memetics terminology is pointless	161
16.23.	Unpalatable truth	162
16.24.	Naked memes	163
16.25.	Complex developmental tangles	164
16.26.	"Just So" stories	165
16.27.	Lamarck's curse	166
16.28.	Weak predictions	167
16.29.	No Mendel of culture	168
16.30.	Long-isolated cultures can sill interbreed	168
16.31.	Memes do not self-replicate	169
16.32.	Critique from semiotics	170
16.33.	Memetics violates Occam's razor	170
16.34.	Too negative	171
16.35.	We are too ignorant to say that cultural evolution is Darwinian	171
16.36.	Cultural evolution is too different - we should start again	172
16.37.	Memeticis is not socially acceptable	172
16.38.	Memetics hasn't produced anything original	173
16.39.	Memeticists can't agree on what a meme is	174
16.40.	Evolutionists should present a united front	174
16.41.	Memetics is “mind-blind”	175
16.42.	Memetic linkage is too strong	176
16.43.	Alledged infinite regress	176
16.44.	Cultural evolution exhibits progress	176
16.45.	Memes don't have loci	177
16.46.	Culture exhibits insufficient variation	177
16.47.	Memetics denies a role for chance processes	178
16.48.	Deleterious cultural traits can't evolve adaptations	178
16.49.	Are memes "quasi-autonomous bots"?	179
16.50.	There are no cultural lineages	179
16.51.	Not an analogy!	180
16.52.	Sympathetic interpretations are needed	181
16.53.	Common misunderstandings	181
16.54.	There's nothing wrong with memetics	181
17.	Controversies - Outstanding issues	182
17.1.	Blind Variation and Selective Retention	182
17.2.	Lamarckian evolution	184
17.3.	Is culture on a leash?	187
17.4.	Is culture is a part of human biology?	188
17.5.	Intelligent design	190
17.6.	Does memetics cover all cultural change	191
17.7.	Meme phenotypes	192
17.8.	Group selection	193
17.9.	Is culture alive?	195
17.10.	Imitation difficulty	195
17.11.	Is the central dogma toast?	196
18.	Textbooks - What the evolution textbooks say	197
18.1.	The textbooks on evolution	198
18.2.	Douglas Futayama - "Evolutionary Biology"	198
18.3.	Mark Ridley - "Evolution"	199
18.4.	Monroe Strickberger - "Evolution"	201
18.5.	Complete rewrite needed	202
19.	Marketing - Exchange memes for cash	203
19.1.	Marketing and advertising	204
19.2.	Recommendations	205
19.3.	Viral marketing	205
19.4.	Big seed marketing	206
19.5.	Social media marketing	208
19.6.	Marketing techniques	208
19.7.	Memetic hitchhiking	208
19.8.	Triggering	209
19.9.	Catchphrases	209
19.10.	Superstimulii	210
19.11.	Sex appeal	210
19.12.	Brands	211
19.13.	Animation	211
19.14.	Repetition	211
19.15.	Bigger is better	212
19.16.	Negative marketing	212
19.17.	Free stuff!	212
19.18.	Discount	213
19.19.	Win something!	213
19.20.	Other areas of marketing	213
20.	Applications - What memetics is for	214
20.1.	Entertainment	214
20.2.	Self-defense	214
20.3.	Education	214
20.4.	Self-development	215
20.5.	News and politics	215
20.6.	Causes and charities	215
20.7.	Religion and cults	215
20.8.	Deprogramming	215
20.9.	Military memetics	216
20.10.	Other applications	217
21.	Origins - The origin of culture	217
21.1.	Culture in other animals	217
21.2.	Opposable thumb	219
21.3.	Symbolism	219
21.4.	Imitation	220
21.5.	Cultural tipping point	220
21.6.	Upright gait hypothesis	220
21.7.	Language	222
21.8.	Ultrasociality	222
22.	Major transitions - Seismic memetic shifts	222
22.1.	Brains	222
22.2.	Culture	223
22.3.	Tools	223
22.4.	Speech	223
22.5.	Ultrasociality	223
22.6.	Writing	224
22.7.	Printing	224
22.8.	Computers and the internet	224
22.9.	Superintelligence	224
23.	Immunity - Resistance to infection	225
23.1.	Immune resistance	225
23.2.	Examples	227
23.3.	Avoiding memes	227
23.4.	The origins of memetic immunity	228
23.5.	Memetic immune systems should not reject everything	228
23.6.	Computer immunity	228
24.	The internet - Recent developments	229
24.1.	Digital revolution	229
24.2.	Examples of analog and digital systems	230
24.3.	Analog problems	230
24.4.	Digital advantage	230
24.5.	Digital genetics	230
24.6.	Digital memetics	231
24.7.	The internet	231
24.8.	Internet memes	231
24.9.	Memetic pandemics	231
24.10.	Cultural microscopes	232
24.11.	Frivolous internet culture	233
24.12.	Meme graveyard	233
24.13.	Computer viruses	234
24.14.	Machine intelligence	234
24.15.	Robots	235
25.	Classification - Category distinctions	235
25.1.	Meme anatomy	235
25.2.	Cybernetics perspective	236
25.3.	Memetic hitchhiking	237
25.4.	Domestication	237
25.5.	Environmental inheritance	237
25.6.	Epidemics	240
25.7.	Transmission media	240
25.8.	Storage media	240
25.9.	Meme species	240
25.10.	The memotype/phemotype split	241
26.	Mental selection - The Darwinian mind	241
26.1.	Darwin on the brain	241
26.2.	Optimisation process	242
26.3.	Within-brain copying	242
26.4.	Within-brain selection	243
26.5.	Within-brain variation	244
26.6.	Brain evolution	244
26.7.	Adaptive evolution	245
26.8.	Neurite-tip selection	245
26.9.	Memes and idea selection	245
26.10.	Machine intelligence	246
27.	Memetic algorithms - Optimising with memes	246
28.	History - Of the study of cultural evolution	246
28.1.	William Jones	247
28.2.	Lewis Henry Morgan	247
28.3.	August Schleicher	247
28.4.	Charles Darwin	248
28.5.	William James	248
28.6.	Herbert Spencer	249
28.7.	Thorstein B. Veblen	249
28.8.	Edward Burnett Tylor	249
28.9.	Leslie Stephen	250
28.10.	Gabriel Tarde	251
28.11.	James George Frazer	251
28.12.	Pierre Auger	252
28.13.	Pierre White	252
28.14.	B. F. Skinner	252
28.15.	Peter Medawar	254
28.16.	André Siegfried	254
28.17.	Donald Campbell	255
28.18.	Roger Sperry	255
28.19.	Jacques Monod	256
28.20.	Karl Popper	256
28.21.	Richard Dawkins	256
28.22.	More details	257
29.	Universal Darwinism - Basic principles	258
29.1.	Natural selection	259
29.2.	Beyond biology	259
29.3.	Fundamental concepts	259
29.4.	Examples of natural destruction	259
29.5.	Examples of natural production	260
29.6.	Use in biology	260
29.7.	Observed frequencies	260
29.8.	Fundamental revisions	260
29.9.	Evolution formalised	261
29.10.	Richard Lewontin	261
29.11.	Daniel Dennett	262
29.12.	Susan Blackmore	262
29.13.	Gary Boyd	263
29.14.	William H. Calvin	263
29.15.	Eliezer Yudkowsky	264
29.16.	Tim Tyler	265
30.	Evolution revolution - The changes needed	266
30.1.	Living in the past	267
30.2.	Ignoring humans	267
30.3.	Human exceptionalism	267
30.4.	Delegation of responsibility	267
30.5.	Too many differences	268
30.6.	Other theories	268
30.7.	Radical shift	268
31.	Memetic takeover - Memes triumphant	269
31.1.	Takeovers in organic evolution	270
31.2.	Takeovers in cultural evolution	270
31.3.	Evolution of writing	270
31.4.	Evolution of land transportation	271
31.5.	Evolution of manned flight	272
31.6.	Evolution of thinking	272
31.7.	The rise of the new organisms	273
31.8.	Automation - takeover in progress	274
31.9.	Meme's eye view	274
31.10.	Genetic takeover	276
31.11.	Memetic takeover	276
31.12.	Possible paths	277
31.13.	Meme impact	278
31.14.	Extinction possibility	278
31.15.	The modern takeover	279
32.	Glossary	281
33.	References	289
34.	Alphabetical index	346

Note: page numbers and a few other details have changed a little since this was published.